Why Should Canine Assisted Therapy Improves Elementary Scores

Introduction Every single year, millions of children test below state and national education standards. The relationship developed between humans and animals in an educational setting prove to be beneficial in emotional stability and goal-oriented support. The animals provide an environment that is judgement free, as well as, encouraging and supportive. Research has proven that animal assisted therapy, overall, reduces blood pressure, heart rate and reduction of stress-related hormones.2,4 The dogs used in Animal Assisted Therapy are certified through various National Organizations and have a predetermined number of location visits prior to receiving certification. The research that has been conducted shows a significant correlation of elementary students between improved reading letter grade and time spent reading to an animal assisted therapy dog. The purpose of this study is to determine if canine assisted therapy improves elementary scores in all subject matter. Where is the need According to the Wisconsin Information System for Education, in the 2014-2015 school year, grades 3-8, scored at only 43.7% proficient in math.6 Therefore, over 50% of children in grades 3-8 are not at a proficient math level. In Sparta, Wisconsin, the Dynamic Learning Maps test, consisting of science, language and math, recorded 54.9% of elementary students were not proficient.6 There is a need to examine outlying factors that are impacting elementary children and the classroom atmosphere.Show MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesteaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a graduate progr am in education at NYU. ROXY PECK is Associate Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics

Analysis Of Oleg Cassini s King Of Bridal - 1325 Words

Pamela Ramirez Briggs Fashion and Textiles 15 May 2017 King of Bridal Oleg Cassini was one of the most influential designers with one of the longest careers in American history. He was born in Paris on April 11, 1913 to the Count and Countess Cassini, his grandfather being the Peking Imperial Russian Ambassador. He grew up with his younger brother, Igor Cassini, who turned out to be very similar in many ways. As a child he spent most of his life traveling from Russia, Denmark, and Copenhagen due to his father’s occupation. When he became a young adult his dream was to become a soldier or diplomat. He was unable to fulfill his dream when the Russian empire collapsed, so they moved to Florence where he studied art with a famous painter†¦show more content†¦It was not until late 1948 when their marriage began to crumble once more due to their youngest daughter, Christina Cassini, being born on November 19, 1948. In 1950 he knew the marriage would not last due to the rapidly increasing amount of fame his wife had accumulated in such a sho rt amount of time. Since his wife was becoming more and more successful, he decided to try out acting in â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends†, but not much came from it. They finally decided to end their marriage in 1952 due to the distance and fighting. Although his marriage with Gene was not his first marriage it definitely was his last, he was shortly married to Merry Fahrney before Gene, not much about their marriage is known due to its brief existence. Fashion, movie making, and tennis were not the only activities that interested Cassini. His childhood dream came true during World War ll when he was drafted as a U.S. Cavalry due to his impressive horse riding skills. After serving in the war he was sent back home to New York, where he was determined to become more successful than ever. After his rocky marriage to Gene he decided to give love a second chance with Grace Kelly. He was not known as much of a ladies man until Grace Kelly ended their engagement to marry to the Prince of Monaco. After she broke his heart he was seen

Margaret Sanger the Morality of Birth Control Free Essays

The Morality of Birth Control pin points several key reasons as to why birth control should be accepted and embraced into the lives of people around the world. Sanger effectively makes her opinion of birth control clear through the use of many classical argumentation tactics. She does not make any concessions to the opposing side what so ever and justifies only her beliefs with valid research presenting concise information. We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret Sanger: the Morality of Birth Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now She initially captures the audience with stating that not only should this issue be presented to scientists and theologians but also to the general public, making the people feel important in this situation. Her thesis is that birth control consists of morality because on the whole it benefits the entire human race as well as people individually. She also exposes the hypocrisy within the church on how giving women freedom will lower their morality even though the act of restricting their rights is one of immorality to begin with.She claims that women have knowledge of their bodies and that they can make decisions for themselves, not all being immoral. One point is that birth control allows for choice, inevitably improving the world in all aspects. Concrete examples for her argument are also provided in stating that the right to control the population is an award due to the fact that our world is corrupt with war, disease, and famine, and we should not force people to be born into this.This specific reason is one of morality because Sanger is only considering the unborn that would have to endure the harsh realities found within our world. Not obtaining total control over the population would do nothing but contribute to the downfall of the human race. In my opinion, it is obvious that Sanger has studied thoroughly on this case and has refuted the opposing views with loads of evidence provided. As a reader, she has convinced me of accepting birth control as a glorious contribution to society. How to cite Margaret Sanger: the Morality of Birth Control, Papers

Innovative Business Project for Zero Waste Solution- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInnovative Business Project for Zero Waste Solution. Answer: Greening: Company Providing Zero Waste Solution Introduction Greening is a company that intends to focuses on waste reduction. The company believes that nothing is waste and works towards getting the best out of it by adopting the best recycling and reusing methods. By way of implementing the processes of recycling and reusing of the plastic bottle, the Greening Company intends to tackle the problems of waste disposal of wastes such as bottles, rubber, and tires among others. The wastes, bottles, rubber and tires are pollutants that do not rot and cause significant destruction on the land (Bland, 2007). Thus, recycling these products is important since it helps save the environmentfrom pollution. The company is interested in saving the resources on earth by preventing pollution resulting from waste products such as bottles, rubber and tires to save the land for the future generations. Fundamentally, the primary objective of the Greening Company is to address the issue of waste disposal and implement the system of recycling for the waste products that cause pollution. The company has played a significant role in reducing the wastes burden on the landfills and usually come up with the most innovative ideas of recycling garbage. Some of the goals and beliefs of the Company is to make the world pollution free, and the firm intends to attain its goal by reducing the waste products in the environment by practicing different methods of recycling and reusing as well. A business unit can acquire huge amount of money by undertaking the process of recycling of trash into usable products (Feldman 2009). Therefore, Greening is a company that deals with waste renewal that includes recycling of bottles, rubbers, tires and glass among many others. This action in turn helps in promoting environmental conservation by reducing the amounts of disposable wastes and eventually the amount of pollution. The recycling project will work towards transforming the waste products into school bags fitted with solar panels at the flap. This action indicates the intention of the company to develop the solar bags. The project is important since reduction of waste can be considered to be beneficial for lessening the triple bottom lines of specifically environment, social influence along with financials. In essence, the current project of reduction of waste can aid in conserving space in subsisting landfills as well as clean fills and help in reducing pollution and consumption of energy. Project Description Importantly, Greening Company not only intends to acquire profits from recycling and reusing waste products, but also intends to help the less fortunate people within the society. This is the reason why the company intends to develop solar bags from recycling of the wastes and partner with different organization for distribution of the solar bags for free to less fortunate people in the society. The Company has an agenda that can work towards helping students in the local regions (Bland, 2007). The company has the intention to transform the plastic waste into new products such as school bags fitted with solar panels at the flap. The solar panels fitted at the school bags can be charged by exposure to sunlight. Essentially, school bags might get exposure to sunlight while the student will commute. In addition to that, the bags will have reflective materials, which is a safety design that could make the children visible to the traffic during the early hours. Besides this, since the sol ar panels will be charging as the students walk to school and back home, they will play a significant role in providing lighting for the students during the night. The students can utilize the solar bags to carry their luggage to school or to use it for lighting. The project will provide an added benefit for the students. For instance, it will give the students with the chance to do more school activities from the comfort of their homes. Most of the students in different communities in America tend to come from poverty-stricken backgrounds, most of which electricity could be a problem. The bags fitted with solar panels will allow the students do more work while, at the same time, save money that they would have otherwise spent on the candles. Mainly, this will help the people of the society to live in a pollution free environment and have solar bags that will help them avoid using candles for studying at night in places with no electricity. Further, Greening Company intends to enter into partnerships with different organizations for reducing the burden of costs of the bags. In such a case, the company will get profits while also help the less fortunate in the society through the formed partnerships. The profits accrued by the firm will be directed at growing the organization bigger than it is presently. The idea described in this section, which is the idea for the Greening Company on waste reduction, is simple but highly effective and has attracted attention from different people in America making this one of the most innovative methods of solving problems among the communities in America. Manufacturing a new product out of wastes would be a great achievement for the company. Cost Costs incurred for the project is expected to be financed by partner organization who are in this case the investors. The company has the intention to raise approximately 500,000 dollars that can initiate the production process of the firm. In addition to that, the company will sell each bag for about 80 dollars, which the partnered groups have promised to purchase for the surrounding communities. Such a partnership will provide profits for Greening Company and help the surrounding students in their education initiatives. Approximately, the company anticipates acquiring about 1 million dollars within the next one year. Conclusion Mainly, Greening Company is a new firm dealing with waste production in the United States. The firm seeks to introduce a project, which is turning waste products such as plastic bottles, rubbers, glass and tires into school bags fitted with solar panels at the flaps. The aim of the solar bag would be helping the students with light and avoid the use of candles especially among neighborhoods that cannot afford electricity. By partnering with other organizations, the groups will purchase the bags for the less fortunate students, which imply that the company focuses on giving back to the community rather than gaining profits solely. In the end it can be said that selected project of management of waste disposal for reduction of waste can be said to be worthwhile as this can help in lessening pollution as well as consumption energy and producing cost effective new products. References Bland, E. (2007). Garbage of Eden.New Scientist Magazine Cook, D. (2017). The War on Food Waste Heats Up. Oregon Business Magazine, 40(9), 30. Cooke, C. (2014). The Glorious Feeling of Fixing Something Yourself.The Atlantic Feldman, L. (2009). Garbage Mogul Makes Millions From Trash.CNN Money. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com Oladiran, O. J. (2009). Innovative Waste Management Through the Use of Waste Management Plans on Construction Projects in Nigeria.Architectural Engineering Design Management, 5(3), 165-176. doi:10.3763/aedm.2008.0089 Thakur, M., Singh, B. (2016).Innovative Application of Waste Tyre in Concrete Mixes.International Journal Of Recent Research Aspects, 3(2), 79-91.

My intro free essay sample

As I glanced beyond the rough glass, my body gave me an incentive to sprint outdoors. What appeared as the most beautiful day of the year, was quickly consumed by my extensive shift hours and careless work ethics. The shabby white colored apron hung heavily around my neck, leaving a sizable rash followed by a sense of irritation on my skin. I had been at Uncle Pauls Restaurant for only three hours when Shannon, the shift manager, gently grabbed my arm and said â€Å"Today, were a little slow; why don’t you take the day off.† My body did not move, yet I smiled vigorously to let her know my response. Shortly after my intervention with Shannon, I was outdoors, entirely free and far away from my responsibilities. It was early, however, I knew my time was extremely valuable. As I walked towards my neighborhood, I was drawn to the vast forest which stood within a mile from my house. We will write a custom essay sample on My intro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Twisted misshaped trees that seemed to erect from fallen leaves and wasted ivy. The smell of rotting wood oozed through the air, as I watched the last glimmer of light disappear within the forest. It was surely an unusual sight, however I could not pull away; for what began as a strange attraction, soon became an idea. My life needed a kick of irregularity, and there was no better way of starting than spending some quality time deep within nature.

Writing English Coursework

Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework: Custom Writing If you are writing English Coursework, you will find this page useful. Down the page you will a well-written sample of English coursework on the topic Sir Arthur Conan Doyles short stories. If you want to get a custom coursework written by professional writer from scratch in accordance to your specific instruction, you should order coursework writing service at our site. We deliver high-quality original coursework on time! Do not forget to review tips on marketing coursework writing, English essay writing, and take a look at free English essays in our paper blog maintained by professional writers! Writing English Coursework: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Short Stories In this English coursework essay, I will be studying in depth one of the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories, The Adventure of the Speckled Band. This is from his collection of short stories, the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. I will be comparing this story with five other short stories, all from the same collection as The Adventure of the Speckled Band. The stories are The Red-Headed league: The Boscombe Valley Mystery; The Man with the Twisted Lip; The Blue Carbuncle and The Engineer's Thumb. All these six stories were originally published between 1891 and 1893, in the Strand Magazine. This illustrated monthly magazine was founded by Sir George Newnes in 1891 and became prominent for its publishing serialisations and short stories. The style of stories in the Strand were mostly all fictional, with Conan Doyle's The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes pretty much dominating the magazine. As stated in The Story of The Strand Magazine, it was prominent for its superior but middlebrow fiction. This shows the main style of the Strand magazine was to print fictional short stories. The stories were mostly adventure stories, that appealed to the audience because of the suspense and tension that built up until the plot was revealed at the end. At the time its biggest reader base was the growing educated middle class, who had the leisure time to read magazines like the Strand. The magazine was produced during a publishing boom of what has been collectively called railway magazines. This m eans The Strand will have been boosted in its amount of readers, until it ceased publication in 1950. The different types of reading audiences that have enjoyed the stories vary quite a lot. The main reason these stories took off so much is by them being read on trains by businessmen or just general people whilst they were travelling. In the late 1800s, trains were the main source of businessmen travelling around. However, many other audiences read the stories, for example children and the working class liked to read the fictional stories. Conan Doyle's purpose in writing The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was probably because he wanted to write something that would really get people intrigued, and excited about the conclusions to his stories. The general appeal of detective stories is to get the reader guessing at who committed the murder, or whatever the case is. Conan Doyle builds up the suspense and is extremely good at keeping the reader guessing, and making them read on. In the Speckled Band a characters says, For pity's sake tell me the cause of my sister's death. What the character says almost epitomises what the audience is thinking. This shows that the writer of detective stories always try to keep the reader on a tender hook, which is why the stories appeal so much. Conan Doyle also uses this type of thing in the titles to his stories as well. The Adventure of the Speckled Band suggests that there will be an adventure involving something mysterious and intriguing, the Speckled Band. It is the same with The My stery of the Red-Headed league and the man with the Twisted Lip, because words like Red-Headed league are very random and uncommon, suggesting they are mysterious. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories, Conan Doyle uses the historical context to entertain his readers, and because there are different generations of audience it has consequences of how they react to the stories. For example, a reader in the early 1900s would react differently to things than a modern day reader. Because the stories were written in the late 1800s, many things were different to the modern day. Transport, dress and the language spoken by the characters have changed since the stories were written. The Boscome Valley Mystery provides us with the quote, flying westward at 50 miles an hour. This would be realistically fast and exciting to a 19th century reader, but to a modern audience it wouldn't be terribly fast compared with the trains we travel on now. It would give the modern audience an interesting comparison in transport technology from now and then. Furthermore, a character in the Speckled Band is described as having a black top-hat This is what businessmen in that p eriod often wore, so would relate to a 19th century reader, but would be of historical interest to a modern audience. The language used is also of historical content. Holmes often says, pray take a seat, which wouldn't be used in modern terminology. This is something a 19th century audience would relate to because it would be used in their day, but would be of historical interest to a modern reader as words like that aren't used any more. Another related post onMuch Ado About Nothing:. Read also: English Literature Coursework Comparative Analysis Essay A Reflection Essay Sociology Coursework Help Critique Essay Write

Religion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Religion - Assignment Example The ultimate reality is the ultimate basis of every human problematic in every religion (Streng). In Christianity, for example, the human problematic is death and eternal torment in hell, and the ultimate reality, which is the God in the Christian Bible provides the basis and explanation for the existence of this human problematic. In the case of Christianity, death and eternal torment in hell is caused by sin, which has its roots in the original sin of Adam and Eve that led to the fall of man. On the other hand, the ultimate dimension is the way of changing the human problematic. Every religion or religious movement, after identifying the cause, seeks to find a solution to the human problematic and employs a number of solutions like rituals, prayer, consumption of organic foods, and other things. Ultimate dimension is supposed to inspire someone to change his current situation or to find a solution to the human problematic. 2. Cultural dimension is the actions that someone takes as a group in order to reinforce the community and to increase church attendance as well as to consider marriage and funeral rites. Whatever is personal must always go harmoniously with culture. One aspect of cultural dimension is the historical conditions upon which a particular belief or system of belief evolved (Streng). For example, during the time of Jesus, the political scenario was turbulent because of the conquest of Israel by the Romans, and that the Jews were persecuted by the conquerors. This was the time when Jesus rose and led the people into defiance of Roman authority. The transformative power that was evident in his preaching was the result of the cultural dimension of belief, which means that there was shared religious intent among the Jews who opposed Roman rule. This sense of unity somehow turned into a system of faith and belief. During the time of Muhammad, he was in a cave in a religious retreat when the A ngel Gabriel appeared to him in a dream, and

Marketing. Firms gain competitive advantage Case Study

Marketing. Firms gain competitive advantage - Case Study Example For many years, logistics inefficiencies have been criticized and scrutinized in order to increase productivity. There has been little close examination of possible savings in the area of physical distribution, now known as logistics. There is a movement towards a closer analysis of all aspects of logistics. This is particularly important where selling and distribution costs are high. One of the new methods in logistics is wireless technologies used by UPS and FedEx which help them to create state-of-the-art solutions for difverse customer groups. In other words, firms are a sum of their activities and not just comprised of a series of discrete functions. Logistics is therefore not just about managing functions, but managing linkages between those functions. More will be said about the integration of various facets of the value chain in the discussion on implementation strategies. FedEx Executive says: "Wireless data connectivity is something we've done for many years. But we had to provide our own bandwidth and we had to develop technology to manage it" (Gruman 2006). At this stage, what is important is to understand how logistics companies can analyze current position along various dimensions of the value chain - in essence, their strengths and weaknesses. ... real-time data to manage their operations, and the only way for the companies to get this near-real-time information is through the use of wireless technology in the field and in their facilities" (Gruman 2006). UPS and FedEx take into account internal and external factors that influence location of the goods. The Concept of 'Place' and its Role in New Logistics Looking at the concept of 'Place' from a total viewpoint, may indicate that some parts of the system can operate at less that the optimum in order to make the whole system more effective. For example the production manager may need to schedule shorter runs, or the transport manager more frequent deliveries, if it benefits the total logistics system. Acceptance of the new logistics concept implies a recognition of the fact that an action affecting one part may affect all others (Chase, Jacobs 2003). So a united approach is needed in order to maximize overall effectiveness. One of the main innovations used by UPS and FedEx is that: 'The two companies are exploiting new wireless technologies in their differing attempts at aiding the two main components of their operations: pickup/delivery and packaging/sorting" (Gruman, 2006). In order to produce or provide quality service to a required quality level, at an appropriate time and within acceptable financial constraints, logistics create a number of functions that are essential. For instance, using UPS and FedEx new logistics flexible organizations have the potential to maximize benefits from different locations and national economic conditions through a variety of means: locating businesses in markets where factor conditions are favorable leading to cost advantages and efficiency; operating in non-domestic markets where "demand conditions are more favorable"

MediaSpark Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MediaSpark - Case Study Example The estimated target market left the company with no choice, but to choose America and Canada due to the large number of elementary schools. The major problem on the marketing strategy to be used in selling and distributing the product was the main concern. Georghiou felt that it was going to be difficult to convince the educators about the product without trial; they needed to see and try the product before making decisions. The market price of the product was; however, going to vary depending on the country and the user. Further to this, they identified various distribution channels that would handle the distribution and advertising duties (Lionais et al. 24). Although the product sell was successful, the solutions came with various advantages and disadvantages. The use of educational catalogue enabled selling several products to the educational institutions through online catalogues and publications; however, they would not sell Go Venture Entrepreneur in North America through any other channel because he had reached the teachers he had wished to reach. The use of software distribution as an indirect distribution channel was going to give the product a high profile than the text books and catalogues; however, the software distribution channel was highly fragmented with no companies operating in both the U.S. and Canada market. The choice of MarkED was disadvantaged because it lacked a sales force that would complement the catalogue. Furthermore, Georghiou was not sure if it was going to reach the teachers. On the other hand, IBM was technology-based and was already making distributions to schools (Lionais et al. 26). They then made an ag reement on a distribution that would last two years. He also had the choice of using an in-house distribution channel. He was going to hire sales representatives in the two countries to conduct sales, email campaigns, CD demos, public speaking, direct mails, seminars, and catalogue sales. Here, he would make a much

Porters Five Forces Analysis Of Aviation Sector Engineering Essay

Porters Five Forces Analysis Of Aviation Sector Engineering Essay Barriers to Entry The aviation sector is one of the most expensive and extremely risky sectors due to high capital costs. These costs include buying and leasing aircrafts, fuel, safety and security measures, labor, customer service, etc. The increasing fuel costs have affected the airline industry adversely as it has a direct impact on the operating costs. A weakening economy also affects the airline revenues as the demand for air travel and air freight reduces and business and leisure travelers become highly price sensitive. UAE restricts complete foreign ownership of a company. All the companies are supposed to have at least one or more national partners who account for at least 51% of their capital. Therefore, the existence of high start-up costs and other barriers discourages new competitors from easily entering this industry. http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2011/02/rising_jet_fuel_costs_affectin.html http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp Competitive Rivalry The rivalry existing in the UAE aviation industry is intense since there are over 110 airlines currently flying to more than 160 destinations from Dubai International Airport itself. Since Dubai is located in a very strategic location and it is the business capital of the Middle East, the aviation industry showed a very strong growth in the last decade. All the carriers are constantly struggling to steal the market share from each other. Each airline is trying to have competitive prices and is working on lowering its operational costs to increase efficiency and profitability. This has lead to saturation in the market and airlines have to compete to survive in the UAE airline industry. http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,HYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail HYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail _nfpb=trueHYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail HYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail _pageLabel=lifeEventDetail http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20101229042209/ ae/%20carriers%20see%20brighter%20sky%20ahead Supplier power Irrespective of UAE aviation industry or the world aviation industry there are only 2 main suppliers, Boeing and Airbus. Fly Europe has a fleet of Boeing aircrafts and their supplier, Boeing, has a high bargaining power as there is no cut throat competition in the supplier industry. The switching costs from Boeing to Airbus is also extremely high because all the pilots and mechanics have to be trained to learn to operate the different kind of aircrafts. However, other suppliers of Fly Europe like the providers of on-board snacks for the travelers (who are willing to purchase them) dont have high bargaining power since there are many other options available in the market. Fly Europe can purchase their snacks from some other cost-effective supplier as this would enable the customers to buy the snacks at reasonable prices. http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp Customer power Air travel is expensive, so most of the leisure travelers have highly elastic demand. They can compare prices of different airlines easily over the internet as they have many different options while choosing an airline carrier. Business travelers pay a much higher average ticket price, approximately five times more than the average leisure ticket cost. Hence, the bargaining power of business travelers in the aviation sector is quite high since as they generate most of the revenues of the airline while the bargaining power of leisure passengers is low. www.csus.edu/indiv/h/hany/Teaching//Lecture2_han.ppt http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/Airline_Travel Availability of substitutes Airline is the fastest way to travel from one destination to another so there is no perfect substitute available. The other transportation options available to the customers are trains, cars, etc. The choice of the mode of transportation depends on the length of the route, consumer preferences, etc. For example air travel isnt practical and economical for short distances. High-speed video conferencing is emerging as an important substitute to air travel for business travelers as it provides a convenient, safer, time-saving and cost-effective to conduct important meetings. Reducing travel time results in employee productivity, effectiveness, decrease in stress and hassle, etc. The emergency air freight market is also getting affected as these days, urgent documents are sent through the e-mail which is a cheap and faster alternative. While, Sea freight is considered an economical and practical way to send bulky items which is affecting the routine air freight market. Therefore, many c ompanies are using these technologies to replace airline travel and freight. http://www.businesseconomics.in/?p=638 http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp Industry description The aviation industry in the United Arab Emirates plays an essential part in its economy. It is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world. The General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA), headquartered in Abu Dhabi, regulates civil aviation in the UAE. Foreign ownership and control of airlines in the UAE is restricted to a 49% equity stake. But in 2009, UAE signed an air liberalization policy statement with six other countries and the European Commission. The policy principles focuses on three main issues : freedom to access capital markets, freedom to do business, and freedom to price services. UAEs aviation industry earned a profit of $15 billion profit in 2010. The air traffic movements grew at the rate of 13 .8% in November 2010 compared to November 2009. This sector is expected to be the 2nd largest aviation market with the growth rate of 10.2% in 2013. According to the forecasts, the UAE will have 82.3 million air travelers and will be handling 2.7 million tons by 2014. Dubai has become a major hub of aerospace both in the middle east as well as on a global level as traditional players like the USA and Europe continue to slump. http://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-passenger-traffic-hit-82-3m-by-2014-says-iata-380800.html http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_aviation_market_will_be_second-fastest_growing_by_2013/44449.htm http://www.dancewithshadows.com/flights/dubai-aviation.asp http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1012/S00286/10-more-liberalised-aviation-agreements-for-emirates-in-2010.htm http://www.emirates.com/mv/English/about/public_affairs/liberalisation.aspx http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20101229042209 /ae/%20carriers%20see%20brighter%20sky%20ahead http://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/pages/welcomegcaa.aspx http://english.alrroya.com/content/uae-signs-air-liberalisation-policy-statement-iata Economic conditions The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It is the 2nd largest economy in the Middle East after Saudi Arabia. It is also a major player in the world energy markets as it has the 6th largest crude oil reserves and natural gas reserves. UAE is taking extensive measures to reduce its reliance on these natural resources as an income source and is diversifying its economy by investing in growing sectors like trade, finance, aerospace, tourism, etc. The global financial crisis slowed down the GDP growth in 2010. UAE authorities responded to this crisis by injecting $33 billion into the local financial sector and guaranteeing all deposits in international and local banks. Dubai was hit very badly by the recession as its real estate sector experienced a major downturn and it couldnt meet its debt obligations. The central bank of UAE then provided support to the local banks while Dubai received a loan of $ 10 billion from Abu Dhabi to ease the debt crisis. However, the economy is expected to rebound in 2011. The non-hydrocarbons economy is expected to grow 2.2% in the year 2011. The oil prices averaged $79.6/barrel in 2010 are forecasted to rise to $90 billion in 2011. The GDP growth rate is expected to increase from 2.2% in 2010 to 3.3% in 2011. The government also plans to carry out large infrastructure projects which is supposed to result in a gradual recovery of the real estate sector. http://www.propertyselect.com/dubai/news/what-impact-will-the-global-recession-have-on-dubai-property/1442 http://www.davisiaj.org/?p=210 http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_non-oil_economy_to_rebound_in_2011-2012/41839.htm http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/201101018483/Economics/uae-economy-gdp-rebounds-around-33-in-2011.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#cite_note-1 http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/uae/uae_country_brief.html http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country OutlookccHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country Outlookccp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country%20OutlookHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country OutlookccHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country Outlookcccc

Intergroup Theory :: Social Psychology Society Essays

Intergroup Theory 1) Intergenerational communication has always been a source of frustration especially in communication where the age gap is largest. Because of the broadness of the topic, there are several different theories and ideas on the ideal intergenerational communication. As all participants are very different, it becomes very difficult to differentiate between the right and wrong strategies for successful communication. People need to associate themselves with the communication that seems most closely related and accurate to their functioning capabilities. There are many aspects that can produce a positive or negative interaction. Sociologists, social psychologists and other people most interested in this form of communication have examined communication and relationships for years and have created several categories and theories of communication. The intergroup theory incorporates several European social psychology theories that coordinate individual and social aspects of ones personality to the effect it has on the communication. Intergroup theory bases communication ability and quality around the social life of the participants. The theory presents several social identifications that influence an individual’s identity. As a result of the person fulfilling their own identity they eventually fall into their own common social groups. Depending on the situation and the interaction, either the individual identity or the group characteristics and reputation play a vital roll in the interaction. These groups transcend different impressions and feelings depending on who is interpreting it. The life stage, social circumstances and experiences effect how the group is interpreted by outgroup members (Turner 1982). People in society today tend to divide themselves among a community into social groups and categories where one feels more accepted and shares common qualities with the group. Experiments have shown that solely being part of any arbitrary social group gave the participants satisfaction. Generally when people belong to any group they will favor their own group which appears evident is groups of similar nationality, gender or other personal views (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy & Flament, 1971). In groups such as Greek life, stereotypes may form when several members begin to behave and believe similarly. This is common as people hold more pride in their ingroup. Also unwritten guidelines often form through the common interests on the members. Just as members of an ingroup categorize themselves, in the intergroup theory we categorize outgroup members. Identities are created primarily from physical characteristics and first impressions. This is a classification created for one group about the other group.

Origin of babies Essay

Once, there is young man who wished to have a good life, a great family he can call his own and offspring that he wanted to share his life with. During his bachelorhood, he would usually sit on his patio and think of these things. Years went by and he was able to marry the love of his life, the queen of his heart. He shared with her, his dreams when he was still a bachelor and together, they made that single simple dream come true. Under the clear blue sky of Paris, they both decided to have a family of their own, raise kids and be good parents. Soon after, their dream materialized and was blessed with a son. Being the kind of man that he his, he wants to raise his son the same way that his parents did to me. He would read to his son stories that deal with bravery, courage and respect to others. They were both a loving parent to their son they would give him all that he want if it is the best for him. When he was a year older, his father wants to mold his son into the kind of man that he is. They would often go out together and enjoy things that boys really do enjoy. Years and years passed, the son was already full-grown. He had finished college, had a secure job and is intending to marry his college girlfriend. They got married after several months of preparation and eventually bore their own child and a grandchild to their parents. The life cycle was already completed. The cycle of human life is chain and so it needs to be fulfilled step-by-step in order to arrive at the finish line. Upon the birth of their son, they were able to satisfy their urge of having a child and raise it the same that their parents did to them. They were able to fulfill the dream of their parents’ who wanted to see little children running around the lawn.

Thailand market Essays - Association Of Asia Pacific Airlines

Thailand market Essays - Association Of Asia Pacific Airlines Thailand market In period 3 , we decided to entered one more market that is Thailand Market . Because Thailand 's tariff and shipping like China and do not have many competitor . Thus we thought that we can have more market share in Thailand market . Unfortunately , we recorded -497.6 million THB net contribution in period 3 . After we analyzed the result if period 3 , we found out that the cost of goods sold of health toothpaste in home was over our expected , the total cost of goods sold was 3491.7 million THB . So in period 4 , we have changed a lot for our production . Enlarging the plant capacity and home production swift to china that made the cost of goods sold form 3491.7 million THB decline to 2890.1million THB . Finally , we got a positive net contribution in Thailand market form period 4 . As we can see that Thailand market was a unstable market for long term .During the period 6-8 , the grow margin in Thailand was decreasing continually. However , we change a little bits at allowance whi ch was 10% turned to 6% . Drug store and hypermarket also had increase of sales . Eventually , the net contribution of Thailand was 242.9 million THB at period 10 . In conclusion , Thailand market was suitable for us that we can enjoy 38% market share and positive contribution .

Common Schooling in Canada essays

Common Schooling in Canada essays The proclaimed objective of school reformers that students would have access to common schools regardless of religion, social class, sex and skin color proved to be insincere. Access to common schooling did not imply equal access for all regardless of race, religion or any other factor that could be seen by some as a barrier to a common education. Social class was one of the lesser barriers to the access of the common school. The first schools never proposed to educate children as is done in schools today. The majority of the school population was to be informed and transformed as to fit the status quo. Governments attempted to establish a program through the state-run schools that would humanize, moralize and civilize the lower orders and the poorer people so that they would be equal to the middle-class society. Ryerson established an instrument for social control of the school population by centralizing and bureaucratizing school administration. Prentice argued that school was not designed primarily as a vehicle for upward mobility of the lower class people. School was designed to teach children how to read and write as well as to teach them work ethic and moral discipline. Children were instilled with these qualities as well as domestic routines such as meal times and holidays. Sex, or gender, was yet another barrier within the common school system. It did not prevent either sex from attending the common school, but it did affect what each sex learned while at school. Canadian public schooling has always been for both boys and girls. Compulsory education laws did not show prejudice on the basis of sex. The public education system was for everybody, regardless of whether they were boys or girls, rich or poor, native-born or immigrant, children who spoke different languages, rural or urban inhabitant, or those of all religions persuasions. The development of the public school system did not preven...

Global Warming's effects on Tornadoes in the Mid West Research Proposal

Global Warming's effects on Tornadoes in the Mid West - Research Proposal Example However, it is quite clear that different locations experiences distinct global warming effects. Indeed, Mid-West and especially Oklahoma is prone to global warming effects in form of tornadoes. Purpose Statement The main aim, of this paper is to research on global warming and provide supporting data on the global warming effect on strength and frequency of tornadoes on the mid-west, specifically Oklahoma and surrounding states. The research will provide evidence that indeed global warming has been leading to adverse weather effects like tornadoes in the mid-west during the recent times. In this study, I will define global warming as an independent variable, which relates to extreme changes in global temperatures due to the increase of greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide, and methane due to anthropogenic (synthetic) causes (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011). I will also define a combination of atmospheric instability and wind shear as the causes of tornado es (Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2013). I hope that my study will seek to establish the correlation between global warming effects and the changes in the strength and frequency of tornadoes on the mid-west with special focus on Oklahoma and surrounding states. ... Many scientists assert that unless we address the causes and effects of climatic changes from global warming, the world is prone to extreme climatic effects. Various researches establish that carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere thus trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up (Natural Resources Defense Council, 2011). This has led to fast fluctuation of local temperatures in the last 50 years and scientists claim that this may advance to an increase of 3 to 9 degrees in U.S. temperatures if we do not contain the situation (Natural Resources Defense Council, 2011). Notably, droughts, tornadoes, and hurricanes are some of the adverse effects of global warming across the globe (Kunzig, 2013). Ideally, scientists have been trying to establish the relationship between global warming and tornadoes. As a result, scientists have established that indeed global warming may increase or suppress the intensity or frequency of tornadoes across the globe especially in Oklahoma and surrounding states (Kunzig, 2013). Research Questions This research seeks to address specific questions, which include: 1) Is global warming the direct cause of tornadoes in the mid-west United States? 2) If global warming persist what impact will it have on the frequency and strength of tornadoes in the mid-west United States? 3) What effect will tornadoes have on the environment, economy, agriculture, human life, settlements, aquatic life, transport, and health in Oklahoma and surrounding states? 4) What measures can reduce the incidence of tornadoes in Oklahoma and surrounding states? 6) What are the main causes and influencing

Using psychological skills training to develop soccer performance Essay

Using psychological skills training to develop soccer performance - Essay Example The aforementioned intervention program was comprised of relaxation, imagery and self-talk on position specific performance measures. Using a multiple-baseline across individuals design, five participants had three performance subcomponents assessed across nine competitive matches. The results of the study indicated the position specific intervention to enable at least small improvements on the three dependent variables for each participant. Social validation data indicated all participants to perceive the intervention as being successful and appropriate to their needs. Following a discursive analysis of the data, the research findings are presented. The findings provide further evidence to suggest the efficacy of sport, and position-specific interventions. Despite interest in applied psychology, evidenced in the increase in the studies examining the efficacy of psychological skills on sporting performance (e.g., Patrick & Hrycaiko, 1998; Rogerson & Hrycaiko, 2002; Thelwell & Greenlees, 2003), knowledge remains limited. Limitation has been determined by the scarcity of studies on the efficacy of psychological skills within an open skilled, team sport setting (Kendall, Hrycaiko, Martin, & Kendall, 1990; McPherson, 2000). Consequently, the present study sought to address the aforementioned shortcoming through the articulation of a role specific intervention for soccer midfielders, while examining the intervention's efficacy on role specific subcomponents, such as the execution of successful tackles, the completion of successful passes, and ability to control the ball (Luongo, 1996). Of the few studies which have examined the pertinence of psychological skills to sporting performance, only a minority has examined performance sub-components. Using a multiple-baseline design across subjects, Swain and Jones (1995) applied a goal setting intervention targeting specific basketball subcomponents. Each participant's performance subcomponents were assessed through the first half of the competitive season. Mid-season, participants were requested to select one performance subcomponent which they perceived beneficial to improvement. Using goal setting approaches to the targeted behavior, 3 of the 4 participants experienced improvement in their targeted area. No changes were evident in non-targeted behaviors. The practical implication was that while psychological skills benefit performance, performers cannot transfer acquired skills to alternative situations without understanding the how and why of their targeted utilization. Identification of the varying requirements of soccer midfielders is prerequisite to the utilization of psychological skills intervention. A primary requirement is the ability to cover great distances within 90-minutes, as supported by numerous scientific studies (e.g., Reilly, 1996; Rienzi, Drust, Reilly, Carter & Martin, 2000). Studies on elite English Premier League midfield soccer players confirm the necessity of the capacity to run approximately 12,000m per match (Strudwick & Reilly, 2001)., consequent to midfielders being required to both link the defensive and forward and act as both offensive and defensive when, and as, required. A soccer midfielder is further required to carry out complex motor skills, to possess finely tuned perceptual skills and to have advanced decision-making skills. As activity is prolonged, fatigue sets in and skill command becomes difficult (Taylor, 1995). The exigencies of exploring relaxation

Global Company and Diversity and the Bottom Line Essay

Global Company and Diversity and the Bottom Line - Essay Example A concept of purpose and a sense of direction strengthen an organization’s ability to survive in changing circumstances and environment. In organizations, large numbers of people congregate under one roof in a joint pursuit of purpose. The organization then sets itself up to harness the creativity of the people for maximum effectiveness. A primary business objective is being profitable, and managers must explain and justify business performance and decisions in light of this objective (Toulmin, Rieke, & Janik, 1984). In this regard, there have been several studies which support that managing diversity in organizations contribute to profitability. diverse business situations will undoubtedly have effects on both the corporate bottom line and on one’s own career prospects†. It is in this regard that this essay is written primarily to evaluate theories and concepts surrounding diversity in organizations in terms of its effect or contribution to the corporate bottom line. Specifically, this paper aims to answer the following questions: (1) what specific aspects make an organization diverse? (2) What value does a diverse, versus a homogenous, organizational culture have to the bottom line? (3) What value does a diverse workforce offer individual workers? And finally, (4) what organizational policies and procedures need to be in place to create and support a diverse workforce? DiTomaso (1999) revealed that there are several factors which influence diversity in organizations, to wit: â€Å"(a) the changing demographic structure of the U.S., (b) the increased importance of globalization to profits and long-term survival in many companies, and (c) changes in the structure of how work gets done†. An organization, being composed of different people should take into account the following diversity attributes: race, ethnicity, gender, class, sexual orientation, physical abilities, age and generation, region, industry, occupation, function,

The Power of Words Essay Example for Free

The Power of Words Essay The Power of Words. Patrie Rothfuss once said â€Å"Words are pale shadows of forgotten names. As the names have power, words have power. Words can light fires in the mind of men. Words can bring tears from the hardest hearts. † Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee, highly inspired and affectionate movie. Life of Pi is a three part story of Piscine Patel, a sixteen- year- old South Indian boy who survives out at sea with a Bengal tiger for 227 days and then tells this story of a young writer who came to Pisine for inspiration. The movie conveys many interesting themes, but one that is very influential is the power of words. The theme power of words as well is the main focus of the story â€Å"Two words† written by Isabel Allende in 1989. â€Å"Two Words† follows the story of a female character that grows up as an orphan with no one to support her. She eventually learns the impact that words and reading can have, particularly among a society that is largely illiterate. She ends up making money by writing letters for other people. Words have high and influential power that can affect people’s identity, fate, and meaning or purpose of their lives. Two media pieces the movie Life of Pi and story â€Å"Two words† conveys a lot about the power of words and how they are influencing people. Identity is the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity; it is a set of personal morals, beliefs, and characteristics which depict overall person identity. In Life of Pi words play a crucial role in shaping main characters identity. At the beginning of the movie, Pi initially named as Pisine Molitor Patel, but everyone at school makes fun of him and called him â€Å"pissing†. This causes Pi to take a stand and change his identity, change his name to Pi. During the course of Pis life the influence of words contours his individuality as well. His father states how can he find a way, if he cannot find a path (Life of Pi 2012). This conveys strict expectations that father have of his son. So Pi will try to change his identity and personal morals to meet the expectations that his father have of him. The power of words in shaping identity is a huge theme in the short story â€Å"Two Words† as well. Due to a fact that the main character Belisa Crepusculario has been born into a poor family â€Å"so poor that they did not even have names to call their children† (Allende 2). Without a name, a persons identity can remain unknown. Then, as her character develops she decides to give herself a name Belisa Crepusculario and when this event happened, she started shaping her identity from the state of poor and tentative to a strong and confident individual. Words act as helping hand in transforming Belisa’s character from weak little girl to a strong liberal woman, consistently shaping her identity. Identity is a huge theme that has been conveyed in the movie Life of Pi and the story Two Words. Joseph Campbell once stated â€Å"Life has no meaning. Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life†. Meaning of life has been discussed in the movie Life of Pi and short story â€Å"Two Words†. During the course main character’s life, the meaning of Pi’s life is changing throughout. At one point it is to live a happy and quiet life in India and at the other point, it is to get through all of the obstacles that happened so rapidly in his life. The influence of words contours Pi’s life. At some point Pi stated â€Å"It is true that those we meet can change us, by the actions they take or the words they say sometimes so profoundly that we are not the same afterwards, even into our names† (Life of Pi 2012). The fact that Pi said that shows how the influence of other individuals and the actions they perform are the words they say changed his life and as the result changed the meaning of his life. In the short story â€Å"Two Words† similar situation is happening, person’s meaning of life is changing throughout the story. One of the main characters Colonel wanted to become a president and he needed Belisa’s help in writing the speech for him. Belisa did very well in her job and wrote a speech for him and as well gave him two secret words that only Colonel and she knew. At some point in the story the meaning of Colonel life was to become a president, but then it slowly start changing. He was repeating his secret words, as he did more and more obsessed. He told them when he was mellow with nostalgia; he murmured them in his sleep; he carried them with him on horseback; he thought them before delivering his famous speech; and he caught himself savoring them in his leisure time. And every time he thought of those two words, he thought of Belisa Crepusculario, and his senses were inflamed with the memory of her feral scent, her fiery heat, the whisper of her hair, and her sweet mint breath in his ear, until he began to  go around like a sleepwalker, and his men realized that he might die before he ever sat in the presidential chair (Allende 4). These two words changed Colonel meaning of life from the point in which he wanted to become a president to the point where he become obsessed with two words the Belisa told to him, and he just wanted to see her. Meaning of life is a huge theme that is being conveyed through both movie Life of Pi and short story â€Å"Two words†, this two media piece brings a new perspective to the meaning of life. â€Å" Fate and self-help share equally in shaping our destiny† – Winston Churchill. Words play a crucial role in changing the persons fate or destiny in the story â€Å"Two Words† and the movie Life of Pi. â€Å"Other than becoming a prostitute or a servant in a rich man’s kitchen, there were few jobs that she can do†(Allende 2). The main character in â€Å"Two Words† Belisa Crepusculario had very few opportunities in life, and all of them were not attractive, but she stands and take action to change her destiny. She becomes very liberal, strong and confident person, â€Å"she had no need to call out her wares, because with so much walking here and there everybody knew her† (Allende 1). Therefore Belisa changed her fate and what she was meant to be, all of this is because of her occupation which consisted of selling words, and as she believed words have high and influential power on everything in life. This shows how power of words can change persons fate and what an individual is meant to be. The power of words in changing the destiny conveyed a lot in the movie Life of Pi. Similar to Belisa’s character, Pi experimenting trauma in his life, almost bringing him to solitude. At the point in life where Pis life was at one of its worst points, he states â€Å"Words are all I left to hold on to† (Life of Pi 2012). During the darkest times Pi has been writing a diary, which bring him hope and motive back to life. In addition Pi’s fathers words â€Å"how he can find a way if he cannot find a path† (Life of Pi 2012), reside in his mind as a constant reminder of the expectations that his father have of him. Therefore these words change Pi’s life and fate. Pi at one point stated â€Å"you must take life the way it comes at you and make the best of it† (Life of Pi 2012). This shows the Pi’s view and thoughts about the life and destiny, and how his own ideas and his fathers words affected his life. Fate is very complicated and unpredictable, but an individual can stand and take an action to change his destiny, change his life. Inspirational movie, Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee. Life of Pi is a story of Piscine Patel, a sixteen-year-old Indian boy who survives out at sea with a Bengal tiger for 227 days and afterwards tells his story of a writer who came to Pisine for muse. The movie conveys many exceptional themes, but one that have high impact is the power of words. The theme power of words is conveyed in the story â€Å"Two Words†. â€Å"Two Words† written by Isabel Allende in 1989, the story of a female character that grown up as a poor person with no one to support her in life. She eventually learns the impact that words and reading can have on people, particularly among a society that is largely not educated and illeterate. She ends up making money by writing letters for other people. Words have high and influential power that can affect people’s identity, fate, and meaning or purpose of their lives. Two media pieces the movie Life of Pi and story â€Å"Two words† conveys a lot about the power of words and how they are influencing people throughout their lives.

Evidence Based Practice for Pain Assessment

Evidence Based Practice for Pain Assessment   Introduction: Pain is a sensation of discomfort that is subjective to each individual, and it is characterized by an unpleasant feeling that can be either physiological or psychological. Acute pain is a sudden feeling of pain, occurring for a short duration lasting less than 3 months and disappearing once the injury has healed. Nurses are the most health care providers present on the unit with patients; therefore, they are the main providers responsible to carry out pain assessment appropriately. Nurses are expected to intervene accordingly to a person’s self-reported pain, and work with the person to manage the pain appropriately. Hence, nurses are required to possess the competencies to assess and manage pain, including knowledge and skills in interviewing techniques, and the ability to do physical assessment and manage pain of individuals who don’t have the ability to self –report (Herr, Coyne, McCaffery, Manworren, Merkel, 2011, as cited in RNAO, 2013). It is evident that unrelieved or poorly managed pain is a burden on the person, the health care system and society (Lynch, 2011, as cited in RNAO, 2013). In fact, 50 to 75 % of postoperative patients do not attain sufficient pain relief (Huang et al., 2001; Chung Lui, 2003, as cited in Bell Duffy, 2009) and some providers underestimate the intensity of the pain for 50% of the cases (Helfand Freeman, 2009). Therefore, this observed nursing practice gives rise to a PICO clinical question. In adult patients with acute pain, does utilizing a standard pain assessment protocol, in comparison to the current practice, affect the pain relief process? Literature review: Effective pain management is a person’s right. Hence, assessing pain, implementing interventions to alleviate it, and prevent it are priorities while caring for a person (Jarzyna et al., 2011, as cited in RNAO, 2013). The article written by Bell and Duffy (2009) inspects two important barriers that serve as obstacles for appropriate pain assessment, which are the beliefs and attitudes of patients and nurses, and time management. Research done by Sloman et al. reinforced that pain can be perceived differently in various cultures (as cited in Bell Duffy, 2009). Regarding the nurses’ attitudes, a triangulated study performed by Schafheutle et al. found that 39.3 % of respondents stated that not having enough of time, enough staff on the units and being overwhelmed with work were major features contributing to unproductive pain assessment (as cited in Bell Duffy, 2009). Regarding time management, an observational study was performed for random nurses that showed that inte rruptions, such as answering the telephones, participating in the multidisciplinary rounds, assisting other nurses and looking for things contributed in poor pain assessment practice. In addition, it was noted that nurses’ priorities were to get all tasks and activities done before the end of their shift rather than allowing time to interact directly with patients to assess their comfort and pain level (Manias et al., 2002, 2005, as cited in Bell Duffy, 2009). While assessing acute pain in adults patients, nurses have to be aware of the routine pain assessment, the choice of measure and the protocols. According to Helfand and Freeman (2009) study, there has been an agreement among most of the institutions that routine assessment of self-reported pain is the best measurement for pain assessment, since some providers underestimate the intensity of the pain for 50% of the cases. According to Helfand and Freeman (2009) study, no evidence was found that directly linked the timing, frequency, or method of pain assessment with outcomes or safety in medical inpatients. It was also noted that instituting routine pain assessment along with an educational component improved rates of assessment and treatment. The protocols in the institutions tend to guide the assessment and the management of pain; hence the assessment should be unified and accurate in order to intervene accordingly. Pain is universal but it is a subjective experience. Hence, it is challenging to obtain adequate objective information about it. Many assessment tools are used to rate and assess pain, such as the Visual Analogue Scale, the Verbal Numeric Rating Scale, Verbal Description Scales, Facial Pain Scales, Brief Pain Inventory and McGill Pain Questionnaire (Helfand Freeman, 2009). For the choice of measure, it must be simple to use by the health care providers, and easy for the patients to understand and able to respond to it (Helfand Freeman, 2009). The Visual Analogue Scale for pain assessment is used universally, however its efficacy and reliability is put to question since it may bias the results. A randomized control trial was tested over forty healthy volunteers where they were induced by thermal laser stimulations. Pain was tested during different sessions using two different visual scales; the classical pain visual analog scale (unbearable pain/ no pain), and the pleasantness visua l analog scale (very pleasant/ very unpleasant). And at same time, somatosensory evoked potentials were measured. Results showed that the thermal laser stimulations that were of low intensity were reported as painful on the visual analog scale of pain, whereas they were rated as pleasant on the visual analog scale of pleasantness. Meanwhile, following the low intensity thermal stimulation, the cerebral responses indicated the activation of only C-fibers which indicate the warm sensations that are not painful. Therefore the somatosensory evoked potential results matched with the pleasantness visual analog scale and not with the classical pain visual analog scale. This signifies that when healthy individuals rate the â€Å"no pain† using the classical visual analog scale of pain, they are more likely to rate the intensity of the stimulation and not their pain perception (Kemp, Despres, Dufour, 2012) EBP Process: Observations In hospital X, Y, Z pain assessment was observed being performed by RNs. However, in hospital X, RNs were not using a pain assessment tool to assess the pain, some were just asking if the patient was in pain or not, even though the Visual Analogue Scale was available on the floor, others for sedated patients, were squeezing the patient’s skin to check response to pain, in addition to assessment of facial expressions and vital signs (heart rate), meanwhile in hospitals Y and Z, RNs were mostly using the Numeric Rating Scale to assess for pain by asking the patient to rate the pain between 0-10, where 0 was explained to be the absence of pain and 10 to be the worst pain. In hospital X, some RNs were observed documenting the pain assessment by filling a pain flow sheet, while others were only seen to document pain assessment on the pain flow sheet if the patient was on Patient-Controlled Analgesia, meanwhile in hospital Y, RNs were observed to document pain assessment per shift b asis, whereas in hospital Z, RNs documented pain assessment only after a pharmacological intervention. In hospitals X and Y, RNs were not reassessing pain after pharmacological interventions, while in hospital Z, RNs were observed to do so. In the three hospitals, RNs were observed to inform the physician if the patient was assessed to have pain. Hospital Protocols: Pain assessment protocols were taken from 3 hospitals: X, Y Z. It is important to note that the 3 hospitals were similar in the method/system that they adopted: The American system. That is, one of the references from which the pain assessment protocol of hospital X was taken, was JCR, J.Caho, Joint Commission Resources (USA), 2003. The protocol was issued on 15/01/2011 and updated on 15/01/2013. On the other hand, hospital Y has the followings as main references: Joint Commission International standards, Hospital standards, 4th edition, January 2011, Care of patient, and 2006 Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc., Volume 1 (4), August 2006, p. 20-28. The pain assessment protocol is issued on January 2011 and revised on March 2012. While the pain assessment protocol of hospital Z is based on the Joint Commission International Accreditation Standards for Hospitals-5th edition, JCAHO Pain Management Standards (CAMH 2002) and The Ministry of Public Health (MOH), (2003). The protocol was i ssued on December 2006 and revised on June 2014. We can note that some references are outdated thus the protocols should be often revised to keep them equivalent with the latest evidence based practice. 3 of the pain assessment protocols stress on that pain assessment should be individualized according to the patient’s age and beliefs, values and cultural considerations. Hospital Z adds that pain assessment should be part of patient handover report. Three of the protocols state that assessment of pain should be done: Post-procedure (or within 1 hour of admission), post pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, with routine vital signs assessment, at time of discharge, before any planned activities (physiotherapy, stress test, post-operative ambulation). Apart from the assessment of pain, reassessment is considered as a crucial aspect, to monitor the pain level, in the 3 hospital protocols. Hospital Y mentions that prior to reassessment nurses should always refer to the literature of the analgesic agent for its peak action period. In hospital Z when pain is identified (score 2 and above), DMS-MRM-Nursing Sheets-Scale is activated while in hospital Y when pain is i dentified (score three and above), pain assessment and interventions flow sheet is activated. The scales used to assess the pain of adult patients with acute pain common in 3 hospitals is the numeric scale, where the patient is instructed to choose a number from 1 to 10 that best describes his current pain, where 0 refers to no pain while 10 refers to the worst possible pain. Another common pain assessment scale among the three hospitals is the Visual Analogue Scale, where the patient points out his/her pain level across a continuum with the extremities of no pain and worst pain. The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale is used for critically ill, sedated and paralyzed, intubated and ventilated patients in ICU in hospital Y while it is used for children up to 3 years old in hospitals X and Z. In addition, Adult Nonverbal Scale is used for patients unable to report pain in hospital Z. Similar to the FLACC and Adult Nonverbal scales used in the 2 hospitals, hospital X uses the Behavioral rating scale (components: Face, Restlessness, Muscle tone, Vocalization, Consolability) for patients unable to self-report pain. Wong Baker Facial Grimace is a common scale in the 3 hospitals for patients who cannot communicate their pain, recommended for patients of 3 years of age and older in hospital X, while up to 7 years of age in hospital Y. Guidelines: According to the guidelines mentioned in Assessment and Management of Pain Clinical Practice Guidelines (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, 2013), nurses should screen for the presence, or risk of, any type of pain upon admission, after a change in medical status and prior to, during and after a procedure. Nurses should also perform a comprehensive pain assessment using a systematic approach and appropriate, validated tools and using appropriate tools for persons unable to self-report. The nurses should take into consideration the person’s beliefs, knowledge and level of understanding about pain and pain management. Then, document the person’s pain characteristics. After implementing pain relieving measures, the guidelines state that re-evaluation is important and should be done by reassessment of the pain characteristics, and accordingly documenting the outcomes. There are some validated assessment tools, recommended to be used by the guidelines, and are the following: Faces Pain Scale Revised, Numeric Rating Score, Verbal Rating Score, Brief Inventory Short Form, and Behavioral Pain Scale (See Appendices). Proposed Change/Recommendations: Most of the nurses in the three hospitals were observed to be unfamiliar with the pain assessment protocol. Hence, it is recommended to implement frequent sessions for all nurses to inform them about the criteria of the protocol, identify any gaps, and train them accordingly. Additionally, supervision is essential on each floor to evaluate the effectiveness of these sessions. It is recommended by the guidelines that health-care professionals should participate in ongoing education opportunities to improve their knowledge and skills to be able to knowledgeably assess and manage pain (RNAO, 2013). Apart from hospital setting, the guidelines recommend that educational institutions include guidelines, assessment and management of pain into their curricula for registered nurses, and all health care providers programs to indorse evidence-based practice (RNAO, 2013). It was noted that some of the hospitals’ pain assessment policies were established on outdated references. It is hence recommended that hospitals always update their policies and base them on up-to-date EBP guidelines. In addition, it is also recommended for hospitals to establish a model of care to support inter-professional collaboration for the active assessment of pain and declare pain assessment as a strategic clinical priority (RNAO, 2013). Another common observation was that the three hospitals still used the Visual Analogue Scale, which is not among the list of recommended validated pain assessment tools mentioned in the guidelines (RNAO, 2013) and research found it to be unreliable, since patients are more likely to rate the intensity of the stimulation and not their pain perception (Kemp, Despres, Dufour, 2012). The University of Zurich and ETH Zurich in Switzerland, invented a new method for accurate pain assessment: The Pain Mouse. It is an electronic pain assessment tool that offers credible evaluation, lessening missing data and unclear markings concerning pain. The device captures the clenching reaction to pain through a pressure sensor that is connected to a portable computer (Schaffner et al., 2012). PM is recommended to be used in the near future considering that it distinguishes different levels of pain, is less time consuming, more accurate and can be used for patients with limited physical activity and vision impairment compared to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (Schaffner et al., 2012). References: Bell, L., Duffy, A. (2009). Pain assessment and management in surgical nursing: a literature review. British Journal of Nursing, 18(3), 153-156. Retrieved April 4, 2015, from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lau.edu.lb:2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6sid=ff36c8fd-ed44-444c-8182-9487d39e913b%40sessionmgr4005hid=4104 Helfand, M., Freeman, M. (2009). Assessment and management of acute pain in adult medical ‎inpatients: a systematic review. Pain Medicine, 10(7), 1183-1199. Retrieved April 10, 2015, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3sid=7b1adb63-ced7-4486-94ef-4ecc54ddc64b%40sessionmgr111hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzhAN=2010437732 Kemp, J., Despres, O., Dufour, A. (2012). Unreliability of the Visual Analog Scale in experimental pain assessment: a sensitivity and evoked potentials study. Pain Physician, 15(5), 693-699. Retrieved on April 10, 2015 from http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/2012/september/2012;15;E693-E699.pdf Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO). (2013). Assessment and management of pain (3rd Edition). Toronto, ON: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO). Retrieved April 4, 2015, from http://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/AssessAndManagementOfPain_15_WEB-_FINAL_DEC_2.pdf Schaffner, N., Folkers, G., Kappeli, S., Musholt, M., Hofbauer, G.F.L., Candia, V. (2012). A new tool for real-time pain assessment in experimental and clinical environments. PLoS ONE, 7(11), art. no. e51014. Retrieved on April 10, 2015 from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051014

William Still and his Impact on Black History :: American America History

William Still and his Impact on Black History Working on farms to receiving whippings were just a few things all African Americans had to endure in the time of slavery. However there have been numerous people and events that have been influential in black history. One momentous event is when William Still escaped from slavery. William Still was born on October 7th, 1821, in Burlington County, New Jersey. Still’s original name as William Steel but his father changed it to protect his wife. Unfortunately the Steel family was unable to escape slavery together. After his escape from the life of slavery, William moved to Philadelphia where he learned to read. He then started to assist fugitive black slaves when being paid to work as a janitor at Pennsylvania’s Society for the Abolition of Slavery. While helping the escapees he wound up disentangling his long lost brother from slavery. In 1972 William wrote The Underground Railroad, which included documents he received from former slaves. This book was crucial because most books on slavery had some bias views written by white abolitionists. After visiting multitudinous escapees in Canada, Still was inspired to launch a desegregation campaign in Pennsylvania railroad cars. The campaign was triumphant and caused Pennsylvanian legislature to preclude segregation. William Still served as both President and vice president for the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery. He served as vice president for eight year and President for five. William did not stop there he then organized a YMCA for blacks, an orphanage for children of black sailors and soldiers and the mission Sabbath school. At age 81, in 1902, William Gant Still died of a disease known as Bights disease. However his exploits will never be forgotten. William Still’s achievements triggered many essential events on the path to abolishment of slavery. As one can see William was a man who did great things for those in need of help throughout his lifetime. However if he had never escaped from slavery his accomplishments may have never occurred. If he had not fled from slavery then there may not have been a chance for the successful escape of six hundred and forty nine slaves nor would his organizations have been formed to help many of those who needed assistance in overcoming the burdens of being former slaves.

Advertising is not bad for children’s health

Majority of the children are still healthy – there is no clear proof that Australian children are becoming less healthy – survey of 5000 children aged 4-16 in schools across NSW, conducted by NSW government, concluded that only 5% increase of overweight population since 1997 to around 25% – children are exercising more frequently more than they were in 1997 2. Children’s good health may be attributed to food chains – Ryan, 9, plays organized sports, intelligent and has a healthy weight and eats McDonald’s burger and fries and fastfood pizza– McDonald’s encourages children to be involved in sports through sponsoring competitions 3. Advertising detractors just want to make the fastfood chains business difficult – most of them are not interested in children’s eating habits at all 4. Advertisement for food aimed at children do not really make them eat more than they otherwise would – companies advertise not with the aim of making children eat more but of the market share 5. Advertising is the only way for producers to share information with the community about their products – it would be disservice to the company and to the community they serve– children, like consumers, need access to information to allow them to be educated C: Advertising is not bad for children’s health Evaluation: This article was written by the author in response to the imperative demand of groups lobbying for banning advertisements of fastfood chains as it harms the children’s health. These groups have claimed that the ill-health and obesity among children are caused by these advertisements and that banning these advertisements is vital to the health of the children. The author uses informal language in the counter arguments.It attempted to produce scientific claims as rebuttal. There are five major premises in this article. One scientific data was included to support the first claim and no other researches were used as evidence in the succeeding arguments. The first argument suggests that according to a survey conducted by NSW government, the children in Australia are still healthy compared to only 5% increase in the overweight population. This statement gives the impression that the rest of the 70% of the population do not suffer from overweight problems or are normal.The survey should have furthered on how many in the population are underweight because unhealthy weight of children come in both directions. Also, the article lacked information as to when the survey was conducted to compare it with the results in 1997. A more exact time frame conducted might produce a stronger comparison as to the health of the children in terms of their weight. The second support statement saying that children exercise more frequently than they were in 1997 could have been made more substantive if detailed in the survey.This might give the readers the impression that selective read ing might have been done to support the claim. Variables in the survey should specify the frequency of exercise that makes the children healthier. The second premise is an argument based on example. In logic, this is a big fallacy. One can not claim to have his own experience applicable to the entire community or to a group of people. What is true to one may not be true to another. A specific example of Ryan can not suffice as evidence. Logically it is applying a conclusion out of a single example which may be illicit generalization.The statement about Ryan saying that his favorite food are from the fastfood chains do not necessarily mean that eating them would make him healthy. Making these foods as his favorite does not also mean that he eats these foods exclusively everyday. For all we know, Ryan may be taking vitamin supplements to make him healthy and maintain optimum function. Secondly, Mc Donald’s sport competitions may not necessarily mean that they are concerned abou t the children’s health. This article has mentioned already that the interest of the company is to produce market share, to therefore produce good profit.If McDonald’s chooses to be visible in children activities, it does not necessarily make them nutritious and healthy as a fastfood chain. Supporting events do not necessarily exempt McDonald’s from any allegation the pro-health lobbyist groups have indicted them. The third argument attacks on the main motivation of detractors. The article suggests that the qualms of these advertising antagonists is that they are mainly concerned about destroying the reputation of fastfood chains and not really caring of children’s health.The single subpremise provided by this argument can not be sufficient in supporting this argument. This argument, let alone, does not have enough bearing to stand on its own because it did not clearly illustrate the real world scenario as it has claimed. The undertone of this argument im plies that there is a bigger competition in the food business against the fastfood chains. This may at least be true thinking that it eats up the market share of other cuisines in terms of children.However, the claim should have included statistics to point into figures the alleged claim of the madness among detractors. The fourth argument, saying that the aim of advertisements is not really to have the children eat more but to have a bigger market share may prove to be a realistic argument. This is the only argument that does not rely on health statistics right at the onset. It may not be obvious in the advertisement upon its theme and delivery, however, the clear picture among the businessmen running the company is to have a bigger share in the market to produce more profit.It does not have control as to how much food the children are going to eat in their foodchains, their main concern is the number of sales they get at the end of the day. Health may not be a selling ground in th is argument, however, it is the only sensible and truthful among the other arguments posted in the article. The last argument saying that advertising is the only way for producers to share information to their community may not necessarily be true. The trend of having models wear a specific product for example or incorporating in movies the product of McDonald’s may not be blatantly advertising but it gives out the same information.The last argument is generalizing that the only outlet for information dissemination among companies is through paid advertisements in televisions when in fact people can always have testimonies, researches, tabloids and other media sources. The subpremise saying that it may be a form of disservice to the community if the company may not be able to advertise may partially be true. If the company has perks that are available for the community in a specified time frame, this argument may be acceptable. Otherwise, the company may exist without the ben efits of advertisement.The second subpremise in this argument is that children need information, too. Just like people who are in quest for knowledge of a certain product or are just slack and waiting for information, children need adventurous or interesting ways of product presentation and information. Most likely, the creative way to producing such is through advertisements. There is greater product recall and product orientation in the way the product is presented in advertisements rather than reading it in tabloids or in journals.Advertisement seem to capture interest and in its emotional appeal rather than the rationalization in broadsheets, and the like. Like all people, children need information. As a whole, the entire article in its specificity and clarity is not persuasive enough to claim that advertising is not bad for children’s health. Perhaps, the biggest loophole in this article is the failure to provide a causal link between the two terms: advertising and child ren’s health. It has also failed to define the nature of advertising and the nature of children’s health, although, obesity was implied as the main illness in the argument.Objectively, right at the outset, these terms would have been defined and given background as to the qualms of the detractors to make the entire tone of the article more substantive. There must be a direct link as to advertising directly affecting a group of children, making them really unhealthy and must cause a wave of urgency to have this stopped. The article is highly opinionated and may need evidences to support its claims. A better article should contain statistics relating to specific arguments as a number of 6th grade students are reported obese after eating at mcdonald’s once a day for the entire 2 months.Further researches and surveys should be made to support claims and to make the entire article more persuasive. Claims could have been furthermore substantiated to make the article m ore convincing. The survey conducted by NSW would have been more convincing if it included complete information as to the date of the conduction of the survey to have a better comparison to the status of the health of children today. This should have at least mentioned as to the frequency of the subjects going to fastfood in a week or any information in that line.If complete information was released in this survey, it would have been more convincing and more substantive. This is the only survey produced in this article and the only form of science that can be investigated further to support the claim of this article. However, it still poses questions in the readers’ thoughts therefore compromising its validity and accuracy. In general, I should say that the author was not clear and satisfactory in its counter argument in his claim that Advertising is not bad for children’s health.

RAW essays

RAW essays Different ideas of an institution can be perceived through a particular composers expression. Raw by Scott Monk portray an institute as a place of healing and rehabilitation, through Brett Deltons changes. However One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest directed by Milos Forman, depicts an institution to be; a place for wrongful punishment and misuse of power. Both of the composers use narrative features such as plot, themes, characterisation, attitudes as well as event settings in their texts. In addition, Monk uses linguistic devices: including imagery, sound devices and figurative devices. Whereas Forman uses cinematic techniques such as music, lighting, shot angle and types of shot to reflect his attitude. The two major differences in these texts are the genre and the composers attitude to institutions. The two different types of genre use their own specific techniques as well as the narrative features. In Raw, Monk uses many realistic examples to involve responders in feeling what Brett feels. For example, during his trip from Sydney to Moree, while the two police take breaks along the trip, Brett was left in his boiling steel framed-cage. Without a proper drink and rest, he travelled for twelve hours straight. By using colloquial languages and common rebellious jargon; such as cop are pigs and yeah, Monk was able to bring Bretts feelings to us. Because Monks text is a novel, it is difficult for us to pick out one or two exact words to illustrate his usage of linguistic devises; however, we can generally witness his use of sound devises and imagery to portray his institutional ideas. In cheaper one, Monk begins with a loud bang; this use of onomatopoeia enables responders to generate an aural image in their mind. In addition it grasps our attention creating suspense for what we are about to read (the sentencing of Bretts wrongful deeds). Other imagery u...